Introduction
This concept analysis aims to provide a conceptual definition for school-based health
centers (SBHCs). Despite growing evidence of SBHC growth and impact, there is a gap
in the conceptual clarity of SBHCs.
Method
A systematic review using Walker and Avant's 8-step method of concept analysis produced
369 articles, of which 17 were analyzed. PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, and Cochrane
Library were searched with no time limit to capture the history and development of
SBHCs. Search terms included “school-based health” and “school-based health center.”
Results
Accessible and advanced practitioners, heterogeneity, integrated care and location,
and youth-friendly provide defining attributions to SBHCs. Antecedents, consequences,
and empirical referents are discussed.
Discussion
This concept analysis highlights evidence supporting the potential impact of SBHCs
as a health service model for advancing health equity. Clear criteria contribute to
understanding SBHCs and serve as a basis for ongoing research and stakeholder collaboration.
KEY WORDS
To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
Purchase one-time access:
Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online accessOne-time access price info
- For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
- For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'
Subscribe:
Subscribe to Journal of Pediatric Health CareAlready a print subscriber? Claim online access
Already an online subscriber? Sign in
Register: Create an account
Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect
References
- Assessment of youth-friendly health care: A systematic review of indicators drawn from young people's perspectives.Journal of Adolescent Health. 2013; 52: 670-681
- School-based health centers’ presence: The role of school and community factors.American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2016; 51: 926-932
- Assessing the impact of school-based health centers on academic achievement and college preparation efforts: Using propensity score matching to assess school-level data in California.Journal of School Nursing. 2016; 32: 241-245
- Measuring success: Evaluation designs and approaches to assessing the impact of school-based health centers.Journal of Adolescent Health. 2016; 58: 3-10
- School-based health centers to promote health equity: recommendation of the Community Preventive Services Task Force.American Journal of Preventative Medicine. 2016; 51: 127-128
- School based health center (SBHC) expansion working group final report: Issued pursuant to Section 16 of Public Act 21-35, an act equalizing comprehensive access to mental, behavioral and physical health care in response to the pandemic.2022
- School-based health centers as a context to engage and serve communities.Current Opinion in Pediatrics. 2022; 34: 14-18
- The essential elements of adolescent-friendly care in school-based health centers: A mixed methods study of the perspectives of nurse practitioners and adolescents.Journal of Pediatric Nursing. 2019; 47: 7-17
- Telehealth and beyond: Promoting the mental well-being of children and adolescents during COVID.Frontiers in Pediatrics. 2022; 10793167
- School-based health centers in the United States: Roots, reality, and potential.Journal of School Health. 2020; 90: 665-670
- Show me the money saved? Cost-savings in actue asthma care at the school-based health center.Journal of School Nursing. 2022; 38: 210-219
- The future of telehealth in school-based health centers: Lessons from COVID-19.Journal of Pediatric Health Care. 2021; 35: 304-309
- The changing paradigm of community health: The role of school-based health centers.Adolescence. 1995; 30: 107-115
- Assessing the effect of school-based health centers on achievement of national performance measures.Journal of School Health. 2021; 91: 714-721
- School-based health centers in an era of health care reform: Building on history.Current Problems in Pediatric and Adolescent Health Care. 2012; 42: 132-158
- School-based health centers to advance health equity: A community guide systematic review.American Journal of Preventative Medicine. 2016; 51: 114-126
Library of Congress. (2010). H.R.3590-Patient protection and affordable care act. https://www.congress.gov/bill/111th-congress/house-bill/3590
Library of Congress. (2020). H.R.2075-School-based health centers reauthorization act of 2020. https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-bill/2075
- H.R.2471-Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022.2022
- Twenty years of school-based health care growth and expansion.Health Affairs. 2019; 38: 755-764
- National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities specialized centers of excellence on minority health and health disparities.American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2022; 63: S6-S7
- Evaluation in school-based health centers.Psychology in the Schools. 2003; 40: 309-320
- Joint Statement on National School Nurse Day and National Nurses Month.2021
- Measuring Quality. Improving Health Care.2021
National Institutes of Health. (2021). Effectiveness of school-based health centers to advance health equity. https://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/pa-files/PAR-21-287.html
Office of the Surgeon General. (2021). Protecting youth mental health: The U.S. Surgeon General's advisory. https://www.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/surgeon-general-youth-mental-health-advisory.pdf
- The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews.BMJ. 2021; 372: n71
- Economic evaluation of school-based health centers: A community guide systematic review.American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2016; 51: 129-138
- Collaboration with schools and school-based health centers.Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America. 2021; 30: 751-765
School-Based Health Alliance. (2021). School based health alliance: Resources: Core competencies. https://www.sbh4all.org/resources/core-competencies/
School-Based Health Alliance. (2022a). Bringing youth leadership to the forefront of school-based health care. https://www.sbh4all.org/who-we-are/youth-advisory-council/
School-Based Health Alliance. (2022b). Congress approves historic funding for school-based health centers. https://www.sbh4all.org/2022/03/congress-approves-historic-funding-for-school-based-health-centers/
Senate Appropriations Committee. (2022). FY22 Omnibus appropriations package- Topline summary. https://www.appropriations.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/FY22%20OMNI%20Full%20Summary.pdf
- School-based health centers: The history, development and future in Philadelphia.Widener University, Institute for Graduate Clinical Psychology, 1997
- Developing national standardized performance measures for school-based health centers: The National Quality Initiative.Journal of School Health. 2022; https://doi.org/10.1111/josh.13236
- A qualitative evaluation of Elev8 New Mexico school-based health centers.Journal of Pediatric Health Care. 2016; 30: e49-e59
- Mental health service provision at school-based health centers during the COVID-19 pandemic: Qualitative findings from a national listening session.Journal of Pediatric Health Care. 2022; 36: 358-367
- School-based health centers, academic achievement, and school discipline: A systematic review of the literature.Children and Youth Services Review. 2020; : 118
United States Department of Health and Human Services. (2021). Biden-Harris administration invests $10.7 million in American Rescue Plan Runds to expand pediatric mental health care access. https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2021/08/27/biden-harris-admin-invests-nearly-11-million-for-pediatric-mental-health-access.html
- The relationship between school-based health centers, rates of early dismissal from school, and loss of seat time.Journal of School Health. 2010; 80: 371-377
- Strategies for theory construction in nursing.6th ed. Pearson, 2019
- Public school nursing practice in the United States.Journal of School Nursing. 2018; 34: 232-244
Biography
Vera Borkowski, Ph.D. Student, Vanderbilt University School of Nursing, Nashville, TN; Family Nurse Practitioner, Child and Family Agency of Southeastern Connecticut, New London, CT.
Biography
Anna Goddard, Managing Director of Medical Services & Quality Improvement, Child and Family Agency of South Eastern Connecticut, New London, CT.
Biography
Betsy Gaffney, Family Nurse Practitioner, Child and Family Agency of Southeastern Connecticut, New London, CT.
Article info
Publication history
Published online: December 02, 2022
Publication stage
In Press Corrected ProofFootnotes
Conflicts of interest: None to report.
Identification
Copyright
Copyright © 2022 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of National Association of Pediatric Nurse Practitioners.
