Survey of Insulin Site Rotation in Youth With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract 

Objective

Injection site rotation is an important component of insulin administration and is helpful in preventing lipodystrophy in type 1 diabetes (T1DM). We examined the number of injection/infusion sites (sites) used by youth with T1DM and their perceived barriers to using new sites for insulin.

Methods

Two hundred and one youth with T1DM completed a 24-item survey about site rotation practices and barriers to site rotation during a routine diabetes appointment.

Results

Fifteen percent of youth reported using at least four distinct sites in their rotation plan, while 22% reported using only one site. A negative correlation was found between number of sites used and the number of perceived barriers endorsed by youth on multiple daily injections. Fear of pain was the most common barrier endorsed by youth.

Conclusion

Many youth with T1DM may not adhere to an adequate site rotation plan. Regular assessment of insulin sites and counseling regarding adequate site rotation is needed when managing diabetes in youth. Relaxation and distraction may help to reduce youths' fear of pain when rotating to new insulin sites.

Key Words: Type 1 diabetes, youth, insulin, adherence