Journal of Pediatric Health Care
Volume 24, Issue 3 , Pages 152-167 , May 2010

Identification of Suicide Risk Among Rural Youth: Implications for the Use of HEADSS

References 

  1. Achenbach TM. Manual for the youth self-report and 1991 profile. Burlington, VT: University of Vermont Department of Psychiatry; 1991;
  2. Achenbach TM, Ruffle TM. The Child Behavior Checklist and related forms for assessing behavioral/emotional problems and competencies. Pediatrics in Review. 2000;21:265–271
  3. Albers E, Evans W. Suicide ideation among a stratified sample of rural and urban adolescents. Child & Adolescent Social Work Journal. 1994;11:379–389
  4. Anonymous . Put prevention into practice. Safety. Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners. 1998;10:221–223
  5. Bearman PS, Moody J. Suicide and friendships among American adolescents. American Journal of Public Health. 2004;94:89–95
  6. Blum RW, Kelly A, Ireland M. Health-risk behaviors and protective factors among adolescents with mobility impairments and learning and emotional disabilities. Journal of Adolescent Health. 2001;28:481–490
  7. Borowsky IW, Ireland M, Resnick MD. Adolescent suicide attempts: Risks and protectors. Pediatrics. 2001;107:485–493
  8. Brent DA. Firearms and suicide. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2001;932:225–240
  9. Brent DA, Baugher M, Bridge J, Chen T, Chiappetta L. Age- and sex-related risk factors for adolescent suicide. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 1999;38:1497–1505
  10. Brent DA, Moritz G, Bridge J, Perper J, Canobbio R. Long-term impact of exposure to suicide: A three-year controlled follow-up. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 1996;35:646–653
  11. Brent DA, Perper JA, Moritz G, Allman C, Friend A, Roth C, et al. Psychiatric risk factors for adolescent suicide: A case-control study. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 1993;32:521–529
  12. Brent DA, Perper JA, Moritz G, Baugher M, Roth C, Balach L, et al. Stressful life events, psychopathology, and adolescent suicide: A case control study. Suicide & Life-Threatening Behavior. 1993;23:179–187
  13. Brent DA, Perper JA, Moritz G, Baugher M, Schweers J, Roth C. Firearms and adolescent suicide. A community case-control study. American Journal of Diseases of Children. 1993;147:1066–1071
  14. Center for Rural Pennsylvania. (2000, July/August). Reported cases of AIDS declines in PA. Newsletter. Retrieved October 5, 2008, from http://www.ruralpa.org/news0700.html#f
  15. Center for Rural Pennsylvania. (2005). Overweight children in Pennsylvania. Retrieved July 24, 2005, from http://www.ruralpa.org/Overweight_child.pdf
  16. Center for Rural Pennsylvania. (2007). Rural by the numbers: A look at Pennsylvania's rural population. Retrieved August 31, 2007, from http://www.ruralpa.org/Rural_by_numbers07.pdf
  17. Center for Rural Pennsylvania. (September/October 2007). Act 50's impact on local taxes. Newsletter [Online]. Retrieved October 5, 2008, from http://www.ruralpa.org/news0907.html
  18. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Fatal and nonfatal suicide attempts among adolescents—Oregon, 1988-1993. Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report. 1995;44:312–315321-323
  19. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Center for Injury Prevention and Control. Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System (WISQARS) Fatal Injuries: Mortality Reports. 2009;Retrieved May 11, 2009, from http://webappa.cdc.gov/sasweb/ncipc/mortrate.html
  20. Clark, L. R., & Ginsburg, K. R. (1995, Winter). How to talk to your teenage patients. Contemporary Adolescent Gynecology, 23–27.
  21. Cohen E, Mackenzie RG, Yates GL. HEADSS, a psychosocial risk assessment instrument: Implications for designing effective intervention programs for runaway youth. Journal of Adolescent Health. 1991;12:539–544
  22. Counsel Teens About Drugs and Alcohol. (2001, September). Retrieved September 3, 2005, from http://www.healthcare.ucla.edu/physicians/pediatric-updates/Pediatric-Update-Fall-2001.pdf
  23. Cull J, Gill WS. Suicide probability scale (SPS) manual. Los Angeles: Western Psychological Services; 1988;
  24. In:  Denzin NK,  Lincoln YS editor. Collecting and interpreting qualitative materials. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications; 1998;
  25. Department of Adolescent Health, American Medical Association. (1997). Guidelines for Adolescent Preventive Services (GAPS): Recommendations Monograph. Retrieved January 9, 2008, from http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/upload/mm/39/gapsmono.pdf
  26. Department of Conservation and National Resources, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. (2004). Pennsylvania snowmobile and ATV guide. Retrieved August 31, 2007, from http://www.dcnr.state.pa.us/forestry/atv/ATVGuide.pdf
  27. Economic Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. (2004). Briefing room. Measuring rurality: Rural-Urban continuum codes. Retrieved September 28, 2004, from http://www.ers.usda.gov/Briefing/Rurality/RuralUrbCon/
  28. Education Development Center, Inc., Suicide Prevention Resource Center, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (n.d.). Risk and protective factors for suicide. Retrieved September 5, 2006, from http://www.sprc.org/library/srisk.pdf
  29. Evans W, Smith M, Hill G, Albers E, Neufeld J. Rural adolescent views of risk and protective factors associated with suicide. Crisis Intervention & Time-Limited Treatment. 1996;3:1–12
  30. Field T, Diego M, Sanders CE. Adolescent suicidal ideation. Adolescence. 2001;36:241–248
  31. Goldenring JM, Rosen DS. Getting into adolescent heads: An essential update. Contemporary Pediatrics. 2004;21:64–90
  32. Goldsmith SK, Pelmar TC, Kleinman AM, Bunney WE. Reducing suicide: A national imperative. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; 2002;
  33. Gould MS, Fisher P, Parides M, Flory M, Shaffer D. Psychosocial risk factors of child and adolescent completed suicide. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2001;53:1155–1162
  34. Gould MS, Kramer RA. Youth suicide prevention. Suicide & Life-Threatening Behavior. 2001;31:6–31
  35. Heck, K. E., Borba, J. A., Carlos, R., Churches, K., Donohue, S., & Fuller, A. H. (2004). California's rural youth. Retrieved May 11, 2009, from http://cyd.ucdavis.edu/publications/pubs/report/pdf/ca_rural.pdf
  36. Hirsch JK. A review of the literature on rural suicide: Risk and protective factors, incidence, and prevention. Crisis: The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention. 2006;27:189–199
  37. Hsieh H, Shannon SE. Three approaches to qualitative content analysis. Qualitative Health Research. 2005;15:1277–1288
  38. Huebner AJ, Shettler L, Matheson JL, Meszaros PS, Piercy FP, Davis SD. Factors associated with former smokers among female adolescents in rural Virginia. Addictive Behaviors. 2005;30:167–173
  39. Isometsa ET. Psychological autopsy studies—a review. European Psychiatry: The Journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists. 2001;16:379–385
  40. Jessor R. Risk behavior in adolescence: A psychosocial framework for understanding and action. Journal of Adolescent Health. 1991;12:597–605
  41. Jessor R, Turbin MS, Costa FM, Dong Q, Zhang H, Wang C. Adolescent problem behavior in China and the United States: A cross-national study of psychosocial protective factors. Journal of Research on Adolescence. 2003;13:329–360
  42. Kaplan SJ, Pelcovitz D, Salzinger S, Mandel F, Weiner M, Labruna V. Adolescent physical abuse and risk for suicidal behaviors. Journal of Interpersonal Violence. 1999;14:976–988
  43. Klomek AB, Marrocco F, Kleinman M, Schonfeld IS, Gould MS. Bullying, depression, and suicidality in adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 2007;46:40–49
  44. Kral MJ, Sakinofsky I. Clinical model for suicide risk assessment. Death Studies. 1994;18:311–326
  45. Lewinsohn PM, Rohde P, Seeley JR. Psychosocial characteristics of adolescents with a history of suicide attempt. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 1993;32:60–68
  46. Lipschitz DS, Winegar RK, Nicolaou AL, Hartnick E, Wolfson M, Southwick SM. Perceived abuse and neglect as risk factors for suicidal behavior in adolescent inpatients. Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease. 1999;187:32–39
  47. Luoma JB, Martin CE, Pearson JL. Contact with mental health and primary care providers before suicide: A review of the evidence. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2002;159:909–916
  48. Mazza JJ, Eggert LL. Activity involvement among suicidal and nonsuicidal high-risk and typical adolescents. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior. 2001;31:265–281
  49. Moos R. Coping response inventory. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources; 1993;
  50. National Advisory Committee on Rural Health and Human Services, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (March 3, 2002). National Advisory Committee on Rural Health meeting summary. Retrieved August 17, 2008, from http://ruralcommittee.hrsa.gov/March2002/March2002minutes.htm
  51. Neiger BL, Hopkins RW. Adolescent suicide: Character traits of high-risk teenagers. Adolescence. 1988;23:469–475
  52. Noell JW, Ochs LM. Relationship of sexual orientation to substance use, suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and other factors in a population of homeless adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health. 2001;29:31–36
  53. O'Donnell L, O'Donnell C, Wardlaw DM, Stueve A. Risk and resiliency factors influencing suicidality among urban African American and Latino youth. American Journal of Community Psychology. 2004;33:37–49
  54. O'Donnell L, Stueve A, Wardlaw D, O'Donnell C. Adolescent suicidality and adult support: The Reach for Health Study of urban youth. American Journal of Health Behavior. 2003;27:633–644
  55. Office of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services. (2006). Service area plan resource and networking guide. Retrieved August 31, 2007, from http://www.dpw.state.pa.us/Resources/Documents/Pdf/AnnualReports/SAP_Resource-NetworkGuide.pdf
  56. Orbach I, Milstein I, Har-Even D, Apter A, Tiano S, Elizur A. A multi-attitude suicide tendency scale for adolescents. Psychological Assessment: A Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1991;3:398–404
  57. Paris CA, Edgerton EA, Sifuentes M, Seidel JS, Lewis RJ, Gausche M. Risk factors associated with non-fatal adolescent firearm injuries. Injury Prevention. 2002;8:147–150
  58. Pennsylvania Department of Health. (2000). State health improvement plan: Special report and plan to improve rural health status. Retrieved April 25, 2007, from http://www.dsf.health.state.pa.us/health/lib/health/old_dir/pdf/hpa/ship/ruralship.pdf
  59. Pennsylvania Department of Health. (n.d.). EpiQMS, resident deaths: Suicide (intentional self-harm). Retrieved September 11, 2006, from http://app2.health.state.pa.us/epiqms/Asp/SelectParams_Tbl.asp
  60. Pennsylvania Rural Health Association. (2003). Status check III. Pennsylvania rural health care. Retrieved August 1, 2008, from http://porh.psu.edu/publications/statusiii.pdf
  61. Pennsylvania State University. (2005). Pesticide education. Retrieved July 15, 2008, from http://www.pested.psu.edu/
  62. Perkins DF, Hartless G. An ecological risk-factor examination of suicide ideation and behavior of adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Research. 2002;17:3–26
  63. Petersen AC, Leffert N, Graham BL. Adolescent development and the emergence of sexuality. Suicide & Life-Threatening Behavior. 1995;25(Suppl.):4–17
  64. Pfeffer CR. Suicide in mood disordered children and adolescents. Child & Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America. 2002;11:639–647
  65. Puskar KR, Martsolf D. Stress in rural families. In C. S. Fawcett (Ed.), Family psychiatric nursing. 1993;(pp. 213-223). St. Louis, MO: Mosby.
  66. Puskar K, Ren D, Bernardo LM, Haley T, Stark KH. Anger correlated with psychosocial variables in rural youth. Issues in Comprehensive Pediatric Nursing. 2008;31:71–87
  67. Puskar KR, Sereika SM, Haller LL. Anxiety, somatic complaints, and depressive symptoms in rural adolescents. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing. 2003;16:102–111
  68. Puskar KR, Tusaie-Mumford K, Sereika S, Lamb J. Health concerns and risk behaviors of rural adolescents. Journal of Community Health Nursing. 1999;16:109–119
  69. Puskar KR, Tusaie-Mumford K, Sereika SM, Lamb J. Screening and predicting adolescent depressive symptoms in rural settings. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing. 1999;13:3–11
  70. Remschnidt H. Psychosocial milestones in normal puberty and adolescence. Hormone Research. 1994;41(Suppl. 2):19–29
  71. Reynolds WM. Development of a semistructured clinical interview for suicidal behaviors in adolescents. Psychological Assessment: A Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1990;2:382–390
  72. Reynolds WM. A school-based procedure for the identification of adolescents at risk for suicidal behaviors. Family and Community Health. 1991;14:64–75
  73. Rich M, Ginsburg KR. The reason and rhyme of qualitative research: Why, when, and how to use qualitative methods in the study of adolescent health. Journal of Adolescent Health. 1999;25:371–378
  74. Robertson, D. U., & Husenits, K. (2007). The impact of mandatory managed care for Medicaid clients on the delivery of mental health services to children and adolescents in rural Pennsylvania. Retrieved August 31, 2007, from http://www.ruralpa.org/mandatory_managed_care07.pdf
  75. Rueter MA, Kwon H-K. Developmental trends in adolescent suicidal ideation. Journal of Research on Adolescence. 2005;15:205–222
  76. Russell ST, Joyner K. Adolescent sexual orientation and suicide risk: Evidence from a national study. American Journal of Public Health. 2001;91:1276–1281
  77. Shah S, Hoffman RE, Wake L, Marine WM. Adolescent suicide and household access to firearms in Colorado: Results of a case-control study. Journal of Adolescent Health. 2000;26:157–163
  78. Shain BN. Suicide and suicide attempts in adolescents. Pediatrics. 2007;120:669–676
  79. Simon RI. Suicide risk assessment: What is the standard of care?. The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law. 2002;30:340–344
  80. Slap GB, Vorters DF, Chaudhuri S, Centor RM. Risk factors for attempted suicide during adolescence. Pediatrics. 1989;84:762–772
  81. State and Territorial Injury Prevention Directors Association Rural Youth Suicide Prevention Workgroup. (2008). Preventing youth suicide in rural America: Recommendations to states. Retrieved July 23, 2008, from http://www.sprc.org/library/ruralyouth.pdf
  82. Thompson EA, Moody KA, Eggert LL. Discriminating suicide ideation among high-risk youth. Journal of School Health. 1994;64:361–367
  83. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for suicide risk: Recommendation and rationale. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2004;140:820–821
  84. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Healthy people 2010: Understanding and improving health. 2nd ed.. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2000;
  85. Van Amstel LL, Lafleur DL, Blake K. Raising our HEADSS: Adolescent psychosocial documentation in the emergency department. Academic Emergency Medicine. 2004;11:648–655
  86. Viner, R. (Ed.). (2003). Adolescent medicine. In N. McIntosh, P. J. Helms, & R. L. Smyth (Eds.), Forfar and Arneil's textbook of pediatrics (6th ed.). New York: Churchill Livingstone.
  87. Watt TT, Sharp SF. Gender differences in strains associated with suicidal behavior among adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence. 2001;30:333–348
  88. Windle M. Suicidal behaviors and alcohol use among adolescents: A developmental psychopathology perspective. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. 2004;28:29S–37S
  89. Working Group on Community Health Information Systems. (2005). Community Health Indicators - Definitions and Interpretations, Ottawa, Ontario: Canadian Institute for Health Information. 10. Calculating Potential Years of Lost Life. Retrieved May 18, 2009, from http://www.apheo.ca/printer.php?pid=190
  90. Yeo MS, Bond LM, Sawyer SM. Health risk screening in adolescents: Room for improvement in a tertiary inpatient setting. Medical Journal of Australia. 2005;183:427–429
  91. Zweig JM, Phillips SD, Lindberg LD. Predicting adolescent profiles of risk: Looking beyond demographics. Journal of Adolescent Health. 2002;31:343–353

 Funded by the National Center for Nursing Research, grant No. 5R01NR003616-03.

PII: S0891-5245(09)00074-1

doi: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2009.03.003

Journal of Pediatric Health Care
Volume 24, Issue 3 , Pages 152-167 , May 2010

Article Tools