Journal of Pediatric Health Care
Volume 24, Issue 3 , Pages 145-151 , May 2010

A Normal Ano-genital Exam: Sexual Abuse or Not?

  • Gail Hornor, RNC, MS, CPNP

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationCorrespondence: Gail Hornor, RNC, MS, CPNP, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Center for Child and Family Advocacy, 655 E Livingston Ave, Columbus, OH 43205

References 

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  3. Adams JA, Kaplan RA, Starling SP, Mehta NH, Finkel MA, Botash AS, et al. Guidelines for medical care of children who may have been sexually abused. Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology. 2007;20:163–172
  4. Berenson AB, Chacko MR, Wiemann CM, Mishaw CO, Friedrich WN, Grady JJ. A case-control study of anatomic changes resulting from sexual abuse. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2001;184:820–831
  5. Berenson AB, Chacko MR, Wiemann CM, Mishaw CO, Friedrich WN, Grady JJ. Use of hymenal measurements in the diagnosis of previous penetration. Pediatrics. 2002;109:228–235
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  10. Gordan CM, Laufer MR. The physiology of puberty. In:  Emans SJ,  Laufer MR,  Goldstein DP editor. Pediatric & adolescent gynecology. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins; 2005;p. 172–176
  11. Heger A, McConnell G, Ticson L, Guerra L, Lister J, Zaragoza T. Healing patterns in anogenital injuries: A longitudinal study of injuries associated with sexual abuse, accidental injuries, or genital surgery in the preadolescent child. Pediatrics. 2003;112:829–837
  12. Heger AH, Ticson L, Guerra L, Lister J, Zaragoza T, McConnell G. Appearance of the genitalia in girls selected for nonabuse: Review of hymenal morphology and nonspecific findings. Journal of Pediatric & Adolescent Gynecology. 2002;15:27–35
  13. Heger A, Ticson L, Velasquez O, Bernier R. Children referred for possible sexual abuse: Medical findings in 2384 children. Child Abuse & Neglect. 2002;26:645–659
  14. Hornor G. Genitourinary assessment: An integral part of a complete physical examination. Journal of Pediatric Health Care. 2007;21:162–170
  15. Hornor G, McCleery J. Do pediatric nurse practitioners recognize sexual abuse?. Journal of Pediatric Health Care. 2000;14:45–49
  16. Ingram DM, Everett VD, Ingram DL. The relationship between the transverse hymenal orifice diameter by the separation technique and other possible markers of sexual abuse. Child Abuse & Neglect. 2001;25:1109–1120
  17. Kellogg N. The evaluation of sexual abuse in children. Pediatrics. 2005;116:506–512
  18. Kellogg N, Menard SW, Santos A. Genital anatomy in pregnant adolescents: “Normal” does not mean “nothing happened.”. Pediatrics. 2004;113:e67–e69
  19. Leder MR, Knight JR, Emans SJ. Sexual abuse: When to suspect it, how to assess for it. Contemporary Pediatrics. 2001;18:59–74
  20. Lentsch KA, Johnson C. Do physicians recognize sexual abuse?. American Journal of Diseases of Children. 1999;141:411–415
  21. McCann J, Voris J, Simon M. Genital injuries resulting from sexual abuse: A longitudinal study. Pediatrics. 1992;89:307–317
  22. Myhre AK, Berntzen K, Bratlid D. Genital anatomy in non-abused preschool girls. Acta Pediatrics. 2003;92:1453–1462
  23. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2008). Child maltreatment 2006. Retrieved June 13, 2008, from http://www.childwelfare.gov/can/prevealence.

PII: S0891-5245(08)00343-X

doi: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2008.10.007

Journal of Pediatric Health Care
Volume 24, Issue 3 , Pages 145-151 , May 2010