Common Conditions That Mimic Findings of Sexual Abuse

References 

1. Adams JA, Kaplan RA, Starling SP, Mehta NH, Finkel MA, Botash AS, et al. Guidelines for medical care of children who may have been sexually abused. Journal of Pediatric & Adolescent Gynecology. 2007;20:163–172
2. Berliner L, Elliot DM. Sexual abuse of children. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; 2002;pp. 55–78
3. Berenson AB, Chacko MR, Wiemann CM, Mishaw CO, Friedrich WN, Grady JJ. Use of hymenal measurements in the diagnosis of previous penetration. Pediatrics. 2002;109:228–235
   • CrossRef
4. Berth-Jones J, Graham-Brown RAC, Burns DA. Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus—a review of 15 cases in young girls. Clinical and Experimental Dermatology. 1991;16:14–17
   • MEDLINE
   • CrossRef
5. Bond GR, Dowd MD, Landsman I, Rimsza M. Unintentional perineal injury in prepubescent girls: A multicenter, prospective report of 56 girls. Pediatrics. 1995;95:628–631
   • MEDLINE
6. Braue A, Ross G, Varigos G, Kelly H. Epidemiology and impact of childhood molluscum contagiosum: A case series and critical review of the literature. Pediatric Dermatology. 2005;22:287–294
   • MEDLINE
   • CrossRef
7. Bruni M. Anal findings in sexual abuse of children. Journal of Forensic Science. 2003;48:1343–1346
   • MEDLINE
8. Dowd MD, Fitzmaurice L, Knapp JF, Mooney D. The interpretation of urogenital findings in children with straddle injuries. Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 1994;29:7–10
   • Abstract
   • CrossRef
9. Emans SJ, Laufer MR, Goldstein DP. Pediatric and adolescent gynecology. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins; 2005;pp. 223–225
10. Heger AH, Ticson L, Guerra L, Lister J, Zaragoza T, McConnell G, et al. Appearance of the genitalia in girls selected for nonabuse: Review of hymenal morphology and nonspecific findings. Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology. 2002;15:27–35
    • Abstract
    • Full Text
    • Full-Text PDF (73 KB)
    • CrossRef
11. Heger A, Ticson L, Velasquez O, Bernier R. Children referred for possible sexual abuse: Medical findings in 2384 children. Child Abuse & Neglect. 2002;26:645–659
    • MEDLINE
    • CrossRef
12. Herbst RA. Perineal streptococcal dermatitis/disease. American Journal of Clinical Dermatology. 2003;4:555–560
    • MEDLINE
    • CrossRef
13. Ingram DM, Everett VD, Ingram DL. The relationship between the transverse hymenal orifice diameter by the separation technique and other possible markers of sexual abuse. Child Abuse & Neglect. 2001;25:1109–1120
    • MEDLINE
    • CrossRef
14. Kyriakis KP, Palamaras I, Terzoudi S, Emmanuelides S, Michailides C. Case detection rates of molluscum contagiosum in childhood. Pediatric Dermatology. 2007;24:198–199
    • MEDLINE
    • CrossRef
15. Lang ME, Darwish A, Long AM. Vaginal bleeding in the prepubertal child. Canadian Medical Association Journal. 2005;172:1289–1293
16. Lee CS, Lim HW. Cutaneous disease in Asians. Dermatology Clinic. 2003;21:669–677
17. Loening-Baucke V. Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus in children. American Journal of Diseases of Children. 1991;145:1058–1061
18. Lunghi F, Finzi M, Frati C. Two familial cases of perianal streptococcal dermatitis. Pediatric Dermatology. 2001;68:183–184
19. McGillivray D, Mok E, Mulrooney E, Kramer MS. A head-to-head comparison: Clean-void: Bag versus catheter urinalysis in the diagnosis of urinary tract infection in young children. Journal of Pediatrics. 2005;147:451–456
20. Nazarian LF. Index of suspicion. Pediatrics in Review. 1993;14:215–217
21. Shurtleff BT, Barone JG. Urethra; prolapse: Four quadrant excisional technique. Journal of Pediatric & Adolescent Gynecology. 2002;15:209–211
22. Smith KJ, Skelton H. Molluscum contagiosum: Recent advances in pathogenic mechanisms, and new therapies. American Journal of Clinical Dermatology. 2002;3:535–545
    • MEDLINE
    • CrossRef
23. Snow TM. Mongolian spots in the newborn: Do they mean anything?. Neonatal Network. 2005;24:31–33
24. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration of Children and Families . Child maltreatment 2005. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office; 2007;