Journal of Pediatric Health Care
Volume 21, Issue 3 , Pages 153-161 , May 2007

Sexually Transmitted Infections in Preadolescent Children

  • Linda C. Lewin, PhD, APRN, BC

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationCorrespondence: Linda C. Lewin, PhD, APRN, BC, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland Ohio 44106-4904

References 

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  2. American Academy of Pediatrics. The evaluation of sexual abuse in children. Pediatrics. 2005;116:506–512
  3. Argent A, Lachman P, Hanslo D, Bass D. Sexually transmitted diseases in children and evidence of sexual abuse. Child Abuse & Neglect. 1995;19:1303–1310
  4. Atabaki S, Paradise J. The medical evaluation of the sexually abused child: Lessons from a decade of research. Pediatrics. 1999;104:178–186
  5. Bell T, Stamm W, Wang S, Kuo C, Holmes K, Grayston J. Chronic Chlamydia trachomatis infections in infants. Journal of the American Medical Association. 1992;267:400–402
  6. Boyd A. Condylomata acuminata in the pediatric population. American Journal of Diseases of Children. 1990;144:817–824
  7. British Association for Sexual Health and HIV. National guideline for the management of suspected sexually transmitted infections in children and young people. 2002;Retrieved June 9, 2006 from http://wwwbash.org/guidelines/2002/adolescent_final_0903.pdf
  8. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines 2002. 2002;Retrieved November 11, 2005 from http://www.cdc.gov/STD/treatment
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  10. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC’s Advisory Committee recommends human papillomavirus virus vaccination. 2006;Retrieved July 5, 2006 from http://www.cdc.gov/od/oc/media/pressrel/r060629.htm
  11. Food and Drug Administration. FDA licenses new vaccine for prevention of cervical cancer and other diseases in females caused by human papillomavirus. FDA News. 2006;June 8, 2006. Retrieved July 5, 2006 from http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/NEWS/2006/NEW01385.html
  12. Gellert G, Durfee M, Berkowitz C, Higgins K, Tubiolo V. Situational and sociodemographic characteristics of children infected with human immunodeficiency virus from pediatric sexual abuse. Pediatrics. 1993;91:39–42
  13. Girardet R, McClain N, Lahoti S, Cheung K, Hartwell B, McNeese M. Comparison of the urine-based ligase chain reaction test to culture for detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in pediatric sexual abuse victims. Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. 2001;20:144–147
  14. Hammerschlag M. Sexually transmitted diseases in sexually abused children: Medical and legal implications. Sexual Transmitted Infections. 1998;74:167–174
  15. Hammerschlag M, Ajl S, Laraque D. Inappropriate use of Nonculture tests for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis in suspected victims of child sexual abuse: A continuing problem. Pediatrics. 1999;104:1137–1139
  16. Heger A, Emans J, Muram D, Jenny C, Koverola C, Levitt C, et al. Evaluation of the sexually abused child. 2nd ed.. Oxford: Oxford Press; 2000;
  17. Ingram D, Everett V, Flick L, Russell T, White-Sims S. Vaginal gonococcal cultures in sexual abuse evaluations: Evaluation of selective criteria for preteenage girls. Pediatrics. 1997;99(6):Retrieved June 2, 2005, from http://www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/99/6/e8
  18. Ohio Department of Health. The Ohio protocol for sexual assault forensic and medical examination. Columbus, OH: Author; 2004;
  19. Robinson A. Sexually transmitted organisms in children and child sexual abuse. International Journal of STD and AIDS. 1998;9:501–511
  20. Siegel R, Schubert C, Myers P, Shapiro R. The prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases in children and adolescents evaluated for sexual abuse in Cincinnati: Rationale for limited STD testing in prepubertal girls. Pediatrics. 1995;96:1090–1094
  21. Sinclair K, Woods C, Kirse D, Sinal S. Anogenital and respiratory tract human papillomavirus infections among children: Age, gender, and potential transmission through sexual abuse. Pediatrics. 2005;116:815–825
  22. Thomas A, Forster G, Robinson A, Rogstad K. National guideline for the management of suspected sexually transmitted infections in children and young people. Sexually Transmitted Infections. 2002;78:324–331

PII: S0891-5245(06)00422-6

doi: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2006.07.008

Journal of Pediatric Health Care
Volume 21, Issue 3 , Pages 153-161 , May 2007

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