NAPNAP Position Statement on Corporal Punishment

References 

1. Center for Effective Discipline (EPOCH-USA). (1999). Fall, 1999 Newsletter, 1 (4), 3.
2. Eron LD. Research and public policy. Pediatrics. 1996;98:821–823
   • MEDLINE
3. Graziano AM, Hamblen JL, Plante WA. Subabusive violence in child rearing in middle-class American families. Pediatrics. 1996;98:845–848
   • MEDLINE
4. Larzelere RE. Child outcomes of nonabusive and customary physical punishment by parents: An updated literature review. Clinics of Child and Family Psychology Review. 2000;3:199–221
5. Mahoney A, Donnelly WO, Lewis T. Mother and father self-reports of corporal punishment and severe physical aggression toward clinic-referred youth. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology. 2000;29:266–281
   • MEDLINE
6. Pinderhughes EE, Dodge KA, Bates JE. Discipline responses: Influences of parents’ socioeconomic status, ethnicity, beliefs about parenting, stress, and cognitive-emotional processes. Journal of Family Psychology. 2000;14:380–400
7. Straus MA, Mouradian VE. Impulsive corporal punishment by mothers and antisocial behavior and impulsiveness of children. Behavioral Science Law. 1998;16:353–374
8. Straus MA, Stewart JH. Corporal punishment by American parents: National data on prevalence, chronicity, severity, and duration, in relation to child and family characteristics. Clinics of Child Family Psychology Review. 1999;2:55–70
9. Straus MA, Sugarman DB, Giles-Sims J. Spanking by parents and subsequent antisocial behavior of children. Archives of Pediatric Adolescent Medicine. 1996;151:767–781
10. Straus MA. Beating the devil out of them: Corporal punishment in American Families. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Publishers Inc; 1994;