Cerebral Palsy: Introduction and Diagnosis (Part I)

References 

1. Accardo PJ. Freud on diplegia: Commentary and translation. American Journal of Diseases of Children. 1982;136:452–456
2. Batshaw M. In: Children with disabilities. 5th ed.. Baltimore: Brooks Publishing Co; 2002;p. 443–466
3. Bennett F. Diagnosing cerebral palsy—the earlier the better. Contemporary Pediatrics. 1999;16:208–216
4. Blair E, Stanley F. Interobserver agreement in the classification of cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology. 1985;27:615–622
   • MEDLINE
   • CrossRef
5. Boyle C, Decoufle P, Yeargin-Allsopp M. Prevalence and health impact of developmental disabilities in US children. Pediatrics. 1994;93:399–403
   • MEDLINE
6. Clark SL, Hankins GD. Temporal and demographical trends in cerebral palsy—fact and fiction. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2003;188:628–633
   • Abstract
   • Full Text
   • Full-Text PDF (161 KB)
   • CrossRef
7. da Paz AC, Burnett SM, Braga LW. Walking prognosis in cerebral palsy: A 22-year retrospective analysis. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology. 1994;36:130–134
   • MEDLINE
   • CrossRef
8. Dormans JP, Pellegrino L. Caring for children with cerebral palsy. Baltimore: Brooks Publishing; 1998;
9. Fedrizzi E, Facchin P, Marzaroli M, Pagliano E, Botteon G, Percivalle L, et al. Predictors of independent walking in children with spastic diplegia. Journal of Child Neurology. 2000;15:228–234
   • MEDLINE
   • CrossRef
10. Futagi Y, Otani K, Goto M. Prognosis of infants with ankle clonus within the first year of life. Brain Development. 1997;19:50–54
11. Gibson CS, MacLennan AH, Goldwater PN, Dekker GA. Antenatal cause of cerebral palsy: Associations between inherited thrombophilias, viral and bacterial infection, and inherited susceptibility to infection. Obstetrics Gynecology Survey. 2003;58:209–220
12. Grether J, Nelson K, Emory E. Prenatal and perinatal factors and cerebral palsy in very low birth weight infants. Journal of Pediatrics. 1996;128:407–414
13. Han TR, Bang MS, Lim JY, Yoon BH, Kim IW. Risk factors of cerebral palsy in preterm infants. American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2005;81:297–303
14. Hutton J, Pharoah P. Effects of cognitive, motor, and sensory disabilities on survival in cerebral palsy. Archives of Diseases in Childhood. 2002;86:84–89
    • CrossRef
15. Katz RT. Life expectancy for children with cerebral palsy and mental retardation: Implications for life care planning. NeuroRehabilitation. 2003;18:261–270
    • MEDLINE
16. Kuban K, Leviton A. Cerebral palsy. The New England Journal of Medicine. 1994;330:188–195
    • MEDLINE
    • CrossRef
17. Molnar G. In: Pediatric Rehabilitation. 2nd ed.. Baltimore: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 1992;p. 492–500
18. Molnar GE, Gordon SU. Cerebral palsy: Predictive value of selected clinical signs for early prognostication of motor function. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 1976;57:153–158
    • MEDLINE
19. Morgan AM, Aldag JC. Early identification of cerebral palsy using a profile of abnormal motor patterns. Pediatrics. 1996;98:642–649
20. Moster D, Lie RT, Irgens L, Bjerkedal T, Markestad T. The association of Apgar score with subsequent death and cerebral palsy: A population-based study in term infants. Journal of Pediatrics. 2001;138:798–803
21. Naeye RL, Peters E, Bartholomew M, Landis R. Origins of cerebral palsy. American Journal of Disease of Children. 1989;143:1154–1161
22. National Early Childhood TA Center. (2006). Early intervention program for infants and toddlers with disabilities (Part C of IDEA). Retrieved January 22, 2006, from http://www.nectac.org/partc/partc.asp
23. Nelson KB. Causes of cerebral palsy. Current Opinions in Pediatrics. 1989;11:487–491
    • MEDLINE
    • CrossRef
24. Nelson KB, Ellenberg JH. Children who “outgrew” cerebral palsy. Pediatrics. 1982;69:529–536
    • MEDLINE
25. Nelson KB, Ellenberg JH. Antecedents of cerebral palsy: Multivariate analysis of risk. New England Journal of Medicine. 1986;315:81–86
26. Perlman J, Risser R, Broyles R. Bilateral cystic periventricular leukomalacia in the premature infant: Associated risk factors. Pediatrics. 1996;97(6 Pt.1):822–827
    • MEDLINE
27. Pueyo R, Junque C, Vendrell P. Neuropsychologic differences between bilateral dyskinetic and spastic cerebral palsy. Journal of Child Neurology. 2003;18:845–850
    • MEDLINE
    • CrossRef
28. Roberts G, Palfrey J, Bridgemohan C. A rational approach to the medical evaluation of a child with developmental delay. Contemporary Pediatrics. 2004;Retrived May 9, 2004, from www.comtemporypeds.com
29. Rosembaum P. Cerebral palsy: What parents and doctors want to know. British Medical Journal. 2003;326:970–974
30. Rosenbaum PL, Walker SD, Hanna SE, Palisano RJ, Russell DJ, Raina P, et al. Prognosis for gross motor function in cerebral palsy: Creation of motor development curves. Journal of the American Medical Association. 2002;288:1357–1363
31. Sanger TD, Delgado MR, Gaebler-Spira D, Hallett M, Mind JW. Classification and definition of disorders causing hypertonia in childhood. Pediatrics. 2003;111:e89–e97
    • CrossRef
32. Strauss DJ, Shavelle RM, Anderson TW. Life expectancy of children with cerebral palsy. Pediatric Neurology. 1998;18:143–149
    • Abstract
    • Full-Text PDF (551 KB)
    • CrossRef
33. Taft LT. Cerebral palsy. Pediatrics in Review. 1995;16:411–418
34. Taft LT. Accentuating the positive for children with cerebral palsy. Exceptional Parent. 1999;29:64–66
35. Thorogood C. Cerebral palsy. E Medicine. 2001;Retrieved May 9, 2004, from http://www.emedicine.com/pmr/topic24.htm
36. Winter, S., Autry, A., Boyle, C., & Yeargin-Allsopp, M. Trends in the prevalence of cerebral palsy in a population-based study. Pediatrics, 110, 1220-1225.